symptoms of lung cancer

Definition of Depression

Depression is a common mood disorder that affects approximately 5% of adults worldwide. This disorder leads to a continuous feeling of sadness, loss of interest in daily activities, and a decrease in motivation. It can occur due to problems in school, work, or personal life, and can lead to further difficulties in various areas. Contrary to popular belief, depression is different from normal mood and emotional changes related to everyday life and can severely impact all aspects of life, including relationships with family, friends, and society, to the extent that it may even result in suicide in severe cases. Individuals can conceal the symptoms of depression to the point where they appear happy, healthy, and normal, making it challenging to diagnose and provide appropriate treatment. Depression can affect anyone, although individuals who have experienced abuse, loss of loved ones, or other stress-inducing events are more susceptible to developing depression. It is estimated that around 7% of the global population experiences a major depressive disorder annually. However, these numbers are not very precise as many individuals suffering from depression do not seek medical help. The prevalence of depression is three times higher in individuals aged 18 to 29 compared to those over 60 years old. Additionally, women are 1.5 to 3 times more likely to experience depression than men during adolescence.

Symptoms of Depression and Diagnostic Criteria

The diagnostic stage is one of the most important steps as it determines the approach and Depression Treatment plan. The examination of depression symptoms begins by assessing changes in sleep pattes, appetite, and energy levels. At least five of the following criteria are necessary for a clinical diagnosis (one of the symptoms must be either a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure):

1. Sleep disturbances
2. Loss of interest or pleasure
3. Feelings of guilt or worthlessness
4. Fatigue and disrupted energy levels
5. Impaired concentration and attention
6. Changes in appetite and weight
7. Depressed mood
8. Disturbances in sexual desire

Among these, all patients with depression should be evaluated for suicidal risk. Any suicide risk should be promptly addressed, which may involve hospitalization or close and frequent monitoring. After assessing the aforementioned criteria, the physician also studies the patient’s medical, family, and social background to make an appropriate evaluation for selecting the treatment plan. Common features in all depressive disorders include feelings of sadness, emptiness, or irritable mood accompanied by physical symptoms such as fatigue and low energy levels, decreased pain tolerance such as lower back pain and other muscular pains, visual problems or decreased vision, stomach pain and digestive problems, and disruptions‌‌ in bowel movements, significantly impacting an individual’s functioning. Depending on the severity and intensity of symptoms, as well as the impact of the condition on a person’s functioning, a depressive episode can be classified as mild, moderate, or severe.‌